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Student learning and growth have become important factors in measuring educator effectiveness. In this report, concrete examples of both approaches are highlighted to provide clarity and particular attention is paid to the benefits and drawbacks of each approach.

Review of two approaches to measurement of resources in education: an accounting approach and a resource-based approach.

AIR’s approach to personalized learning draws upon our rigorous research base and strong field experience in facilitating educational system change efforts across the nation and globe. Explore AIR-developed resources to support states, districts, and schools that would like to implement personalized learning programming. ...

The Teachers College Reading and Writing Project (TCRWP) is an approach to literacy instruction for students in elementary and middle schools with two primary goals: to improve students’ reading and writing, and to help children become lifelong, confident readers and writers who display agency and independence through work with teachers, ...

The schoolwide program and the targeted assistance program are two approaches related to the ideas established in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that focused on funding being provided to assist low-achieving students in high-poverty schools. This study compares services and resources provided by each approach and the ways these ...

This research and policy brief was developed to help states consider options for assessing student learning growth for the majority of teachers who teach content not assessed through standardized tests. It provides information about options for states to explore as well as factors to consider when identifying and implementing measures. ...

Student learning objectives (SLOs) are emerging as one measure to assess teachers' contributions to student growth in educator evaluation systems. To support states and districts in developing and implementing SLOs, the Center on Great Teachers and Leaders is curating a searchable collection of SLO resources. ...

School climate and social and emotional learning (SEL) have often been treated separately by researchers and practitioners, but both are necessary to build healthy schools. This brief reviews research on how positive school climates support SEL and how improved SEL contributes to improved school climate in elementary and secondary schools. ...

Content-focused professional learning is a common strategy for improving student outcomes, but it isn’t always effective. The National Writing Project has been particularly successful at designing scalable professional learning programs that have a positive impact on student achievement in writing, according to a series of randomized controlled trials. To generate ...

English learner (EL) students who do not attain English proficiency and grade-level mastery of academic content by the middle and upper grades are at risk of dropping out of high school or failing to graduate. To better understand the factors that influence EL students’ progress in Texas, this study examined ...