Brochure describing information technology careers for military spouses.

This guidance document was developed with input from a technical advisory group of state/federal representatives and field researchers, and describes the utility and practice of integrating the information available in state agency data sets with information on clients of alcohol and other drug abuse services.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of different approaches to debriefing team performance: team debrief with videotape, team debrief without videotape, instructor debrief with videotape, and instructor debrief without videotape. We hypothesized that the four approaches would not be equally effective. However, the lack of consensus in the literature made it impossible to hypothesize whether team- vs. instructor-led debriefs would be more effective. Based on our personal experience, we hypothesized that debriefings which incorporate videotape would be perceived as more effective than those which did not.

Because poor LOS construct validity can have real-world effects on pilot training and performance, assessing and improving the construct validity of Line Operational Simulations is more than just an academic or scientific issue. It is also a practical and political issue in that it involves multiple stakeholders who may have competing concerns. These include safety, justice/fairness, technical feasibility, and cost-effectiveness (Austin, Klimoski, & Hunt, 1996). Therefore, we recommend that all potential stakeholder groups be involved in identifying and improving the construct validity of Line Operational Simulations. These groups may include pilot unions, training staff, flight standards staff, and officials from the regional FAA offices. Moreover, all groups must be prepared to compromise some of their own goals/needs to achieve a balanced solution. In the end, only by working together can industry address the issue of LOS construct validity, and by extension, the quality of pilot crew training and evaluation.

In this article we use a multifacet measurement technique, the multifacet Rasch model, to analyze the results of an IRR-training program. Our approach is an alternative to the procedures—congruency, consistency, agreement (rwg), sensitivity, and systematic differences—currently used during IRR training within the airline industry. We believe that this multifacet procedure can improve the quality of pilot instructor training by providing pilot instructors with important information that is not available with other techniques. We used the multifacet Rasch method instead of generalizability (G) theory, another multifacet technique. Similar to multifacet Rasch analysis, G-theory provides information about facets—pilot instructors, videotapes of aircrews used in IRR training, and LOS grade sheets—and their interactions with one another. However, G-theory partitions the variance attributable to each of these facets using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) framework and thus focuses on groups as the unit of analysis (i.e., whether or not pilot instructors as a group are reliable or unreliable as opposed to the performance of a particular instructor undergoing IRR training).

Despite the gaps in research, a number of knowledge-elicitation methods available from research on individual CTA seem adaptable to a team environment. Some of these have been used in the team performance arena, whereas others have not. This section suggests potential methods for the different types of team knowledge described in the previous section: methods for eliciting pretask team knowledge and dynamic team knowledge. We list the type of team knowledge and discuss previous attempts (if any) to elicit this knowledge. We also suggest other methods that have potential to tap this knowledge. Although a detailed description of all potential methods is beyond the scope of this chapter, we have attempted to include a brief description of a variety of methods.  

This paper sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of a rater training program through the use of multifacet Rasch measurement. The purpose was to display how such an analysis can provide specific information on raters that is useful for feedback, and also important information concerning the performance of the rating form and training materials.

A number of recent authors have argued the need for greater levels of specificity in our understanding of "why, when, and for whom a particular type of training is most effective." The three studies reported here have attempted to respond to this need by examining the determinants of team member assertiveness.

This study examined the effects of experience on the degree to which various team behavior characteristics were weighted in a team member's perception of team behavior importance. In general, the results supported the hypothesis that experience would moderate the extent to which team members weighted different team behavior characteristics when making judgments of overall team behavior importance.

To respond to the growing need to understand this concept better, this chapter focuses on several aspects of situation awareness. The operationalization and the appropriate measurement of the construct has implications for the establishment of sound experimental methodologies to identify the critical components of situation awareness, determine its relationship with performance, and explore the critical moderators that can potential affect this relationship. The objectives of this effort are to review and synthesize the relevant literature on situation awareness, including various descriptions of what constitutes situation awareness and the background information on the cognitive variables that underlie this construct.

Because the development of skill-based coordination training is dependent on the accurate identification of crucial behaviors to be trained, and because there is a need to develop more effective methods to identify these skills, the purpose of this investigation was to identify a psychometrically sound index of team task importance to guide the selection of behaviors for training.