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21 Oct 2014
Brief

Transitional Kindergarten in California: Comparing Transitional Kindergarten and Kindergarten Classrooms

Diana Mercado-Garcia, Karen Manship, Heather Quick, and Aleksandra Holod

In 2010, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the Kindergarten Readiness Act into law. The law changed the kindergarten entry cutoff so that children must turn five by September 1 to enter kindergarten. The law also established a new grade level—Transitional Kindergarten (TK)—which is the first year of a two-year kindergarten experience for students who turn five between September 2 and December 2. It specified that the new grade level be taught by credentialed teachers using a modified kindergarten curriculum that is developmentally appropriate, with the goal of promoting their success in school.

The rollout of the Act has given rise to questions about how TK is being implemented in districts throughout California. This second research brief in a series highlighting findings from the study focuses on characteristics of TK classrooms compared with those of kindergarten classrooms.

Summary and Conclusions

Based on surveys of TK and kindergarten teachers included in this study, it appears that TK teachers are adopting instructional practices that are more developmentally appropriate for the younger students enrolled in the program, as intended by the law. Students in standalone TK classrooms tended to spend more instructional time on social-emotional skill development and less time on reading/ELA and math than students in standalone kindergarten classrooms. In addition, students in standalone TK classrooms spent more time in child-directed activities and less time in whole-group activities compared with students in standalone kindergarten classrooms. However, findings in this research brief also point to the challenge of providing differentiated instruction, especially in combination classrooms.

The “Fair Start” Professional Development legislation (SB 837), enacted in 2014, promises to allocate a portion of $25 million for training TK teachers, who will now be required to obtain early childhood education credits. Given the findings in this research brief, policymakers should consider the potential benefit of using these funds to provide focused training for TK teachers, particularly on strategies for differentiating instruction.

PDF icon Transitional Kindergarten in California: Comparing Transitional Kindergarten and Kindergarten Classrooms
Study of California's Transitional Kindergarten Program

Related Work

11 Jun 2013
Brief

Transitional Kindergarten in California: A Review of the First Year

Transitional kindergarten aims to provide an additional year of early education to California’s youngest students to ensure that they obtain the necessary preparation to succeed in school. This research brief provides an initial glimpse of transitional kindergarten in its first year of statewide implementation.

Topic: 
Early Childhood and Child Development, Education
11 Jun 2013
News Release

Report Gives First Look at Transitional Kindergarten Implementation in California

About 39,000 students enrolled this year in California’s Transitional Kindergarten program, according to a study by AIR that looks at the program’s first year of implementation.

23 Apr 2014
Report

Study of California’s Transitional Kindergarten Program: Report on the First Year of Implementation

A study looking at the first year of transitional kindergarten in California finds that most districts implemented the new grade level, and that approaches varied widely. Overall, transitional kindergarten appears to provide a different experience than traditional kindergarten. The results are shared in AIR's "Study of California’s Transitional Kindergarten Program: Report on the First Year of Implementation."
Topic: 
Education, Early Childhood and Child Development

Further Reading

  • Study of California’s Transitional Kindergarten Program: Report on the First Year of Implementation
  • Impact of California's Transitional Kindergarten Program, 2013-14
  • The Impact of Transitional Kindergarten on California Students
  • How Transitional Kindergarten Helps Younger Children Prepare for School
  • Transitional Kindergarten in California: Early Outreach, Enrollment, and Parent Perspectives
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Topic

Early Childhood and Child Development
Education

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